Al2SiO5 references

Refer to Kerrick, D.M. (1990) The Al2SiO5 polymorphs. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. for a pre-1990's comprehensive reference list. See also: Ribbe, P.H. (1980) Aluminum silicate polymorphs and other aluminum silicates. In: Ribbe, P.H. (ed.), Orthosilicates. Reviews in Mineralogy, 5, 189-214.

Al2SiO5 crystal structure and microstructures

Boland, J.N., Hobbs, B.E. & McLaren, A.C. (1977) The defect structure in natural and experimentally deformed kyanite. Physica Status Solidi A, 39, 631-641.

Burnham, C.W. (1963) Refinement of the crystal structure of sillimanite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie, 118, 127–148.

Burnham, C.W. & Buerger, M.J. (1961) Refinement of the crystal structure of andalusite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie, 115, 269–290.

Burt, J.B., Ross, N.L., Angel, R.J. & Koch, M. (2006) Equations of state and structures of andalusite to 9.8 GPa and sillimanite to 8.5 GPa. American Mineralogist, 91, 319-326.

Greenwood, H.J. (1972) Al IV -Si IV disorder in sillimanite and its effect on phase relations of the aluminum silicate minerals. Geological Society of America Memoir, 132, 553-571.

Hamid Rahman, S. (1987) HRTEM observation of disorder in andalusite, Al 2 SiO 5 . Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie, 181, 127-133.

Lefebvre, A. (1982b) Lattice defects in three structurally related minerals: kyanite, yoderite and staurolite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 8, 251-256.

Lefebvre, A. & Menard, D. (1981) Stacking faults and twins in kyanite, Al 2 SiO 5 . Acta Crystallographica, A37, 80-84.

Lefebvre, A. & Paquet, J. (1983) Dissociation of c dislocations in sillimanite Al 2 SiO 5 . Bulletin de Mineralogie, 106, 287-292.

Penn, R.L., Banfield, J.F. & Kerrick, D.M. (1999) TEM investigation of Lewiston, Idaho, fibrolite: Microstructure and grain boundary energetics. American Mineralogist, 84, 152-159.

Rao, M.N., Chaplot, S.L. Choudhury, N., Rao, K.R., Azuah, R.T., Montfrooij, W.T. & Bennington, S.M. (1999) Lattice dynamics and inelastic scattering from sillimanite and kyanite Al 2 SiO 5 . Physical Review B 60 (17), 12061-12068.

Vaughn, M.T. & Weidner, D.J. (1978) The relationship of elasticity and crystal structure in andalusite and sillimanite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 3, 133-144.

Yang, H.X., Downs, R.T., Finger, L.W., Hazen, R.M. & Prewitt, C.T. (1997a) Compressibility and crystal structure of kyanite, Al 2 SiO 5 , at high pressure. American Mineralogist, 82, 467-474.

Yang, H., Hazen, R.M., Finger, L.W., Prewitt, C.T. & Downs, R.T. (1997b) Compressibility and crystal structure of sillimanite, Al 2 SiO 5 , at high pressure. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 39-47.

Crystal chemistry, including trace elements and OH in Al2SiO5

Bell, D.R., Rossman, G.R., Maldener, J., Endisch, D. & Rauch, F. (2004) Hydroxide in kyanite: A quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum. American Mineralogist, 89, 998-1003.

Beran, A. & Götzinger, M.A. (1987) The quantitative IR spectroscopic determination of structural OH groups in kyanites. Mineralogy and Petrology, 36, 41-49.

Beran, A., Langer, K. & Andrut, M. (1993) Single crystal infrared spectra in the range of hydroxyl fundamentals of paragenetic garnet, omphacite, and kyanite in an eclogitic mantle xenolith. Mineralogy and Petrology, 48, 257-268.

Beran, A., Rossman, G.R. & Grew, E.S. (1989) The hydrous component of sillimanite. American Mineralogist, 74, 812-817.

Okrusch, M. & Evans, B.W., 1970. Minor element in coexisting andalusite and sillimanite. Lithos, 3, p. 261-268.

Wieczorek, A., Libowitzky, E. & Beran, A. (2004) A model for the OH defect incorporation in kyanite based on polarized IR spectroscopic investigations. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mittelungen, 84 (3), 333-343.

Wilkins, R.W.T. & Sabine, W. (1973) Water content of some nominally anhydrous silicates. American Mineralogist, 58, 508-516.

Winter, J.K. & Ghose, S. (1979) Thermal expansion and high temperature crystal chemistry of the Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs. American Mineralogist, 64, 573-586.

Oxygen isotope studies of Al2SiO5

Bowman, J.R. & Ghent, E.D. (1986) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope study of minerals from metapelitic rocks, staurolite to sillimanite zones, Mica Creek, British Columbia. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 4 (2), 131-141.

Cavosie, A., Sharp, Z.D. & Selverstone, J. (2002). Co-existing aluminum silicates in quartz veins: A quantitative approach for determining andalusite-sillimanite equilibrium in natural samples using oxygen isotopes. American Mineralogist, 84, 417-423.

Ghent, E.D. & Valley, J.W. (1998) Oxygen isotope study of quartz-Al2SiO5 pairs from the Mica Creek area, British Columbia: implications for the recovery of peak metamorphic temperatures. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16 (2), 223-230.

Larson, T.E. & Sharp, Z.D. (2005) Interpreting prograde-growth histories of Al 2 SiO 5 triple-point rocks using oxygen-isotope thermometry: an example from the Truchas Mountains, USA. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 23, 847-863.

Larson, T.E. & Sharp, Z.D. (2003) Stable isotope constraints on the Al2SiO5 'triple-point' rocks from the Proterozoic Priest pluton contact aureole, New Mexico, USA. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 21 (8), 785-798.

Putlitz, B., Valley, J.W., Matthews, A. & Katzir, Y. (2002) Oxygen isotope thermometry of quartz-Al2SiO5 veins in high-grade metamorphic rocks on Naxos Island (Greece). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 143 (3), 350-359.

Al2SiO5 microstructures and deformation behavior

Doukhan, J.-C. & Christie, J.M. (1982) Plastic deformation of sillimanite Al 2 SiO 5 single crystals under confining pressure and TEM investigation of the induced defect structure. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 105, 583-589.

Doukhan, J.-C., Doukhan, N., Koch, P.S & Christie, J.M. (1985) Transmission electron microscopy investigation of lattice defects in Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs and plasticity induced polymorphic transformations. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 108, 81-96.

Doukhan, J.-C. & Paquet, J. (1982) Plastic deformation of andalusite single crystal Al 2 SiO 5 . Bulletin de Mineralogie, 105, 170-175.

Kerrick, D.M. (1986) Dislocation strain energy in the Al2SiO5 polymorphs. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 13, 221-226.

Lefebvre, A. (1982a) Transmission electron microscopy of andalusite single-crystals indented at room temperature. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 105, 347-350.

Menard, D., Doukhan, J.-C. & Paquet, J. (1979) Uniaxial compression of kyanite Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 : deformation mechanisms of minerals and rocks. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 102,159-162.

Raleigh, C.B. (1965) Glide mechanisms of experimentally deformed minerals. Science, 150, 739-741.

Schneider, H. (1979) Deformation of shock loaded andalusite studied with x-ray diffraction techniques. Physics and Chemistry of Mineralogy, 4, 245-252.

Experimental studies of Al2SiO5 & thermodynamic properties: phase equilibria

Friedrich, A., Kunz, M., Winkler, B & Le Bihan, T. (2004) High-pressure behavior of sillimanite and kyanite: compressibility, decomposition and indications of a new high-pressure phase. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie, 219, 324-329.

Holdaway, M.J. (1971) Stability of andalusite and the aluminum silicate phase diagram. American Journal of Science, 271, 97-131.

Holm, J.L. & Kleppa, O.J. (1966) The thermodynamic properties of the aluminum silicates. American Mineralogist, 51, 1608-1627.

Hülsmans, A., Schmücker, M., Mader, W. & Schneider, H. (2000) The transformation of andalusite to mullite + silicate: Part I. Transformation mechanism in [001] A direction. American Mineralogist, 85, 980-986.

Salje, E. (1986) Heat capacities and entropies of andalusite and sillimanite: the influence of fibrolitization on the phase diagram of the Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs. American Mineralogist, 71, 1366-1371.

Weill, D.F. (1966) Stability relations in the Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system calculated from solubilities in the Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Na 3 AlF 6 system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 389-402.

Field studies of Al2SiO5-bearing rocks (very incomplete list)

Carey, W.J., Rice, J.M. & Grover, T.W. (1992) Petrology of aluminous schist in the Boehls Butte region of northern Idaho: geologic history and aluminum-silicate phase relations. American Journal of Science, 292, 455-473.

Cesare, B., Gomez-Pugnaire, M.T., Sanchez-Navas, A. & Groberty, B. (2002) Andalusite-sillimanite replacement (Mazarron, SE Spain): A microstructural and TEM study. American Mineralogist, 87, 433-444.

Evans, B.W. & Berti, J.W. (1986) A revised metamorphic history for the Chiwaukum Schist, North Cascades, Washington. Geology, 14, 695-698.

García-Casco, A. & Torres-Roldán, R.L. (1996) Disequilibrium induced by fast decompression in St-Bt-Grt-Ky-Sil-And metapelites from the Betic belt (Southern Spain). Journal of Petrology, 37, 1207-1239.

Ghent, E.D. & Grover, T.W. (1995) Calculation of the activity of Al2SiO5 - applications to the geobarometry and geodygrometry of garnet and staurolite zone metapelitic rocks. American Journal of Science, 295 (8), 923-042.

Goergen, E.T. Whitney, D.L., McNeill, P.D. & Williams, P.F. (in review) Petrogenesis of symplectites in the Thor-Odin Dome, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Metamorphic Geology.

Grambling, J.A. (1981) Kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, and related mineral assemblages in the Truchas Peaks region, New Mexico. American Mineralogist, 66, 702-722.

Groome, W.G., Johnson, S.E. & Koons, P.O. (2006) The effects of porphyroblast growth on effective viscosity of metapelitic rocks: implications for the strength of the middle crust. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2006.00644.x

Heitanen, A. (1956) Kyanite, andalusite and sillimanite in the schist in Boehls Butte quadrangle, Idaho. American Mineralogist, 41, 1-27.

Hollister, L.S. (1969) Metastable paragenetic sequence of andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite, Kwoiek area, British Columbia. American Journal of Science, 267, 352-370.

Kerrick, D.M. (1988). Al 2 SiO 5 –bearing segregations in the Lepontine Alps, Switzerland: Aluminum mobility in metapelites. Geology, 16, 636-640.

Norlander, B.H., Whitney, D.L., Teyssier, C. & Vanderhaeghe, O. (2002) High temperature decompression of the Shuswap metamorphic core complex, Canadian Cordillera. Lithos, 61, 103-125.

Pattison, D.R.M. (1992) Stability of andalusite and sillimanite and the Al 2 SiO 5 triple point: Constraints from the Ballachulish Aureole, Scotland. Journal of Geology, 100, 423-446.

Pattison, D.R.M. (2001) Instability of the Al 2 SiO 5 “triple-point” assemblage in muscovite + biotite + quartz-bearing metapelites, with implications. American Mineralogist, 86, 1414-1422.

Sepahi, A., Whitney, D.L. & Baharifar, A.A. (2004) Petrogenesis of andalusite-kyanite-sillimanite veins and host rocks, Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, Hamadan, Iran. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 22, 119-134.

Stahle, V., Altherr, R., Koch, M. & Nasdala, L. (2004) Shock-induced formation of kyanite (Al 2 SiO 5 ) from sillimanite within a dense metamorphic rocks from the Ries crater (Germany). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 148, 150-159.

Vernon, R.H. (1987) Oriented growth of sillimanite in andalusite, Placitas-Juan Tabo area, New Mexico, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 24, 580-590.

Wenk, H.R. (1983) Mullilte-sillimanite intergrowth from pelitic inclusions in Bergell tonalite. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 146, 1-14.

Whitney, D.L. (2002) Coexisting andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite: sequential formation of three polymorphs during progressive metamorphism near the Al 2 SiO 5 triple point, Sivrihisar, Turkey. American Mineralogist, 84, 405-416.

Whitney, D.L . & Dilek, Y. (2001) Andalusite-sillimanite-quartz veins as indicators of low-pressure - high-temperature deformation during late-stage unroofing of a metamorphic core complex, Turkey. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 18, 59-66.